Gender Discourses within Pesantren in Cirebon: Understanding the Typologies of Kyais’ Interpretations of the Concept of Qawwām

The gender discourse within pesantren is a significant scientific subject due to its reliance on classical fiqh literature that often maintains patriarchal ideology. One such issue the interpretation of concept “qawwām”, fragment Qur’anic verse (An-Nisā’: 34), meaning supporter or protector, in which kyai (the spiritual leaders pesantren) predominantly associates role with men and their responsibilities. This understanding influenced by traditional (salaf) paradigm results interpretation. study applies descriptive qualitative analysis answer how interpret “qawwām” relation Data was conducted through interviews kyais Cirebon observations family life. article analyses based trichotomy understanding: extreme patriarchy, moderate liberal. argues differences kyais’ viewpoints regarding distribution roles can be traced back textual, eclectic, contextual comprehension religious teachings. recommends an intricate teachings, taking into account evolving social context diverse range interpretations, may pave way for more balanced egalitarian allocation responsibilities between spouses family.Keywords: Kyai; pesantren, qawwām, ideology,